Hello. I read this article as an interesting insight into the division of labor in India. As a Japanese speaker, I think the meaning of "karoshi" in Japanese is a little different, so I'd like to comment.

"Karo" is an abbreviation of "kajyuu-roudou", which means "overwork", but "excessive working hours" would be a better translation.

"Shi" is "death".

So, I think "karoshi" should be translated as "death from overwork" in English.

It is interesting that the labor cultures of Japan and India are similar. Perhaps in these Asian regions with rice-growing cultures, when irrigating agriculture, everyone had to cooperate since ancient times, and it was not allowed for one person to take the initiative, which became a culture.

Japan's economy has been stagnant for 30 years since the 1990s, making it one of the exceptions to economics (Argentina and Japan). In this context, the virtues of absolute working hours and overwork seem to be gradually fading, but there is still an atmosphere that it is awkward to be the only one to leave if everyone else is still working when the work day is over.

However, death from overwork has not been completely eradicated in Japan. This is just my impression and I have no proof, but I feel that only the top and bottom of the labor market pyramid experience death from overwork, and that those in the middle have an appropriate work-life balance.

The "top of the pyramid" are highly paid company employees working for large companies who are forced to work long hours due to work pressure.

The "bottom of the pyramid" have no money, so they work multiple jobs and have no time to rest.